In July 1847, a Maya community in the eastern Yucatán Peninsula rose against the criollo state that had enclosed their land, taxed their ceremonies, and conscripted their men into other people's wars. What followed was the longest sustained Indigenous armed resistance in modern American history - eighty-six years of insurgency, forest statecraft, and theological innovation that the Mexican state could neither defeat nor ignore. The Caste War of Yucatán tells the full story of the Caste War of Yucatán: from the conspiracy uncovered at Tepich to the stone church at Chan Santa Cruz where a divine voice spoke to a community that had nothing left to lose. Franz Josef Kelly traces the Maya insurgents' extraordinary achievement - the construction of an autonomous theocratic polity in the eastern forest, governed by the Talking Cross and sustained for half a century against the Mexican republic's military power. He follows the war's human cost across both sides of the frontier: the demographic catastrophe, the Cuban deportation, the captives and the raiders, the borderland communities navigating loyalty to two worlds. And he brings the story to today, where communities descended from the Cruzoob still maintain the Talking Cross's ceremonies - and still contest the terms of the settlement the war never fully resolved.