BARRY CHERNOFF is the Robert Schumann Professor of Environmental Studies and Biology at Wesleyan University, a former curator at Chicago's Field Museum and Philadelphia's Academy of Natural Sciences, and an expert in ichthyology and conservation. ANTONIO MACHADO-ALLISON, University Professor at Wesleyan University, and Professor Emeritus at the Universidad Central de Venezuela, is a leading authority on Neotropical fishes. IVAN MIKOLJI is a world-renowned river explorer, underwater photographer, audiovisual artist, and author of the award-winning book Fishes of the Orinoco in the Wild.