Should America reinstate the draft? This ongoing quiet debate stems from two main factors. First, heightened fears of an existential Russian threat have sparked an ongoing European debate over conscription in countries like Germany, Sweden, Latvia, Georgia, Ukraine, and France. Second, U.S. recruiting efforts for the All-Volunteer Force (AVF) have become increasingly inconsistent. Although recruiting significantly improved in 2025 after several poor years, there is little data-driven explanation for this variation. The recent boost in recruiting has led to a tacit belief that America's AVF remains viable, unlike the assessments of many European countries. While political and military leaders assert that recent changes have restored the AVF to a healthy and sustainable state, there is no clear definition of what "healthy" entails. The New Warrior Caste assesses the AVF to determine its capability to meet America's future institutional and military needs. This book is essential reading for military scholars, service members, and policy analysts who want to understand how the AVF has evolved over the past 50 years. A lack of political oversight over America's military, a poor understanding of technology's social effects, and an absence of strategic foresight within the military profession have led to the emergence of a New Warrior Caste. This condition weakens military capacity and increases the risk of deepening the civil-military divide as the demand for military force grows. The changing participation of women and minorities in the New Warrior Caste sets the stage for political divisions similar to those during the draft era in Vietnam.