In The Babylonian Captivity of the Church (1520), Martin Luther indicts the late medieval sacramental system as a papal bondage of the gospel. He reduces the seven sacraments to Baptism and the Lord's Supper (allowing Penance only insofar as it rests on promise), rejects the Mass as propitiatory sacrifice, demands communion in both kinds, and questions transubstantiation while affirming Christ's real presence. Written in taut Latin that blends scholastic form, scriptural exegesis, and fierce polemic, it stands alongside the Address to the Christian Nobility and The Freedom of a Christian as a defining Reformation tract. An Augustinian friar and Wittenberg professor, Luther forged these claims through intense study of Romans and Galatians, Humanist ad fontes methods, and the pastoral crises unmasked by the indulgence controversy; mounting Roman censure and university disputation sharpened his break with scholastic sacramentalism. Scholars of theology, liturgy, and church history-as well as pastors and students-will find this a bracing, clarifying guide to Reformation sacramentology and ecclesiology. Read it to weigh Scripture against tradition and to understand how doctrinal critique reshapes worship and pastoral care across confessional lines. Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the author's voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readable-distilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Author Biography · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.