Protection and Communism is a seminal work by Frédéric Bastiat, first published in 1849, that incisively critiques the economic doctrines of protectionism and communism, which were gaining traction in 19th-century France. In this thought-provoking treatise, Bastiat addresses the French National Assembly and the broader public, dissecting the arguments of socialist and protectionist thinkers of his time. He exposes the fallacies behind tariffs, trade barriers, and state intervention, arguing that such policies ultimately harm the very workers and citizens they claim to protect. Bastiat's writing is marked by clarity, wit, and a relentless logic. He draws sharp contrasts between the principles of free trade and the promises of communism, illustrating how protectionist policies enrich a select few at the expense of the many, stifle innovation, and undermine individual liberty. Through a series of pointed questions and vivid analogies, Bastiat demonstrates that both protectionism and communism rest on the mistaken belief that government can create wealth by redistributing resources, rather than by fostering voluntary exchange and competition. The book is not merely an economic treatise but also a passionate defense of personal freedom and limited government. Bastiat warns against the seductive appeal of utopian schemes and the dangers of sacrificing liberty for the illusion of security. He champions the idea that true social progress arises from the free interplay of individual interests, not from coercive state planning. Protection and Communism remains a powerful and relevant critique of interventionist policies, offering timeless insights into the nature of economic freedom, the perils of collectivism, and the enduring value of individual rights. Bastiat's arguments continue to resonate with readers interested in economics, political philosophy, and the ongoing debate between free markets and state control.