Michael P. Boyle is a Professor in the Department of Communication and Media at West Chester University, USA. His research interests focus on news coverage of protest as well as the implications of media use on public opinion and perceptions of media effects.

Adam M. Rainear is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication and Media at West Chester University, USA. His research utilizes technology-such as social media, robotics, and artificial intelligence-to understand how individuals access information and communicate about risks such as weather, climate, and environmental hazards.